The Ordnance was charged with storing and supplying arms and equipment to English (later British) military force. Its roots date back to the 14th century, when a branch of the Privy Wardrobe emerged to provide bows and early gunpowder weapons for English armies.

• Mid 15th century - Thomas Vaughan, the first recorded Master of the Ordnance, was appointed

• 1544 - The Office of the Ordnance (later called the Board of Ordnance) was officially created by Henry VIII

• 1855 - The Board of Ordnance was abolished and its functions taken over by the War Office

The Ordnance has always been resident at the Tower of London, using the site as both a headquarters and a major arsenal for artillery, powder and shot.  Although The Board of Ordnance was abolished in the mid 19th century, military provision organised by the Royal Logistics Corps, remained a role of the Tower until 1994.

Important personalities

King Edward III and the Ordnance

It was during the long reign of Edward III (1312-77) that the Tower emerged as the principal store for gunpowder weaponry within England.

As the 14th century progressed, the Privy Wardrobe emerged as an independent department of royal government charged with storing all manner of military equipment.

During this same period St Thomas’s Tower, previously used as royal accommodation, was converted to storage for weapons and munitions. Stores from the Tower consequently supplied Edward III’s Crécy campaign of 1346 with all manner of arms, armour and ordnance including ribalds, the earliest known form of cannon to appear in England. These pieces of ordnance were either mounted on a fixed bed or a cart with wheels, and could fire large iron-fletched arrows or simple shot.