Manners and etiquette

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Manners and etiquette


A strict social code pervaded all aspects of court life and knowing how to behave was absolutely essential.
Court at St James's by Rowlandson and Pugh, 1809
The community of a royal household was governed by a series of strict household orders dictating every detail of life.  When Charles II walked out, for example, his rulebook decreed that ‘a gentleman usher daily waiter and a gentleman usher assistant shall go before us, and a gentleman usher daily waiter, or gentleman usher assistant and a gentleman usher quarter waiter shall go behind us, unless there be no gentleman usher daily waiter or gentleman usher assistant.  And the same orders shall be observed when we go into our barges, or any where by water’. 

Such rules, however, were honoured more often in the breaking than in the observance, and the activities of Charles’s court as described by John Evelyn would contravene any modern staff handbook.  Evelyn could never ‘forget the unexpressable luxury, & prophanenesse, gaming, & all dissolution’ he found at Charles II’s court, describing a typical scene of ‘the King, sitting & toying with his Concubines Portsmouth, Cleaveland, & Mazarine: &c:  A french boy singing love songs, in that glorious Gallery, whilst about 20 of the greate Courtiers & other dissolute persons were at Basset round a large table, a bank of at least 2000 in Gold before them’.

Rules to be observed in walking with Persons of Honour, 1682

View of Kensington Palace from Kensington Gardens, c1770If you walk in a Gallery, Chamber or Garden, be sure to keep the left hand; and without affectation or trouble to the Lady, recover that side at every turn.  If you make up the third in your walk, the middle is the most honourable place, and belongs to the best in the company, the right hand is next, and the left in the lowest estimation.  If the Lady with whom you walk, hath a desire to sit down […] it would be very ridiculous and slighting to leave her to her rest, whilst you continued walking on’.

A glimpse of the intricate and sometimes ridiculous rules governing the life and jobs of those surrounding a queen comes from the life of Queen Caroline, wife of George II.  When she washed her hands, the Page of the Backstairs brought the basin and ewer but the Bedchamber-Woman set it before the queen.  ‘The Bedchamber-Woman pulled on the Queen’s gloves, when she could not do it herself.  The Page of the Backstairs was called in to put on the Queen’s shoes.  When the Queen dined in public, the Page reached the glass to the Bedchamber-Woman, and she to the Lady-in-waiting.  The Bedchamber-Woman brought the chocolate, and gave it without kneeling.’

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